Page 15 - EUROPOLITIS_93

EUROPOLITIS ??e?a & ??at??f? ??????S / MÄRZ 2020 15

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?a????ta? S?pas???
??a?t?????? – ??at??f??????
mariada@europolitis.eu

?a??? ? ep??? t?? ef?ße?a? ?a?a?t????eta? pa??????a ? ef?ße?a ap?te?e? t?? pe???d? ß????s??? t?? ap????f?s? t?? s?d????.
?a? ap? t?? a????? t?? ef?ß?? ?a d?af???p???????
ap? t??? ???e??, ?a p??s?µ??????? µe t??? µet?ßas?? ap? t?? pa?d??? ?????a st?? 3. ?? ??p??, a? ?a? apa?a?t?t? ??a t?? a??pt???,
s???µ??????? t??? ?a? ?a ?????? a?e???t?te? ep??????, e???????s? ?a? ep?p???? t?? te?e?ta?a e??a? ?a???? ?a a???se? ?a pe??????eta? st? d?at??f?
s???? ? d?at??f? µp??e? ?a ap?te??se? ped?? s??????s?? pe???d? a??pt???? t?? a????p???? t?? ef?ß??. ? a???µ??? pe??e?t???t?t? t?? se
?a? aµf?sß?t?s??. ?? ?f?ß?? sp???a e?d?af????ta? a?ap?µ??e? ?????d???, a??? ?a? sta pe??ss?te?a

??a t?? µa???p???esµe? ep?pt?se?? st?? ??e?a t???, ???a??sµ?? ?a? ??a t?? ???? a?t? ?e?µata t?? ta??fa?e???, se s??d?asµ? µe t?
????t?p?????ta? ap? ape???? p?? µp??e? ?a p???????ta? e??a? ?a????st??? st? d?aµ??f?s? µe???? ?e?µ?d??? t?? a??a, ap?te???? ???d??? ??a
ap? ???e?? ?a? ‘e?d?????’. ???a? p??? s?µa?t??? ?a t?? p???µ? a???s? t?? s?µat???? ß????? p??a?

p??s??s??µe t??? ef?ß??? µe e?a?s??s?a ?a? ?ata???s?. ?p?d?µ?? ??a t? s?µat??? d??p?as? t?? ep???µ?t??. G???????µe, ?t? se ??a µe????
?a?????t?? t??? epa??e?? p????f???e? ??a t?? d?at??f???? ?a? ??e?a st? µet?pe?ta ???. p?s?st? ? pa??sa???a t?? e??????? ??e? ???e?
t??? a????e?, t??????t?? t??? – ????? e?f?ß?sµ???- ?t? ?ed?µ???? ?t? ? s?µat??? d??p?as? st?? pa?d??? ?a? ?????? t?? ef?ß??? ?????a. ??t??
p??a? t?? µa???p???esµ?? ?f?????, e?? t??f??ta? s?st? ?a? ? ??e?a s?et????ta? ?µesa µe t? ap? t?? pa??sa???a, t? s?µa?t??? p??ß??µa t??
????? ???d?? ??a t?? pa???sa ?at?stas? t?? ??e?a? t???, d?at??f?, t?s? ?? ???e?? ?s? ?a? ?? ?pe?????ste???a?µ?a? fa??eta? ep?s?? ?t? µp??e?

t?? eµf???s? ?a? t?? ep?d?se?? t???. ?a ?e????se? st?? ?????a a?t? ?????? ???? t??
a???µ???? p??s????? ???esµ???? ??p???. ?????
??at??f???? ?????e? ?a f??t?sete t??? ?f?ß??? µe t? ????? t??
¨d?a?ta?¨ st?? ?????a a?t?. S???t?ste µa?? t???
?? d?at??f???? a????e? st?? ?????a a?t? e??a? a???µ??e? ?d??? ?? ?f?ß?? ?a p??pe? ?a ????????? t?? efa?µ??? ???sµ???? ap??? ta?t???? :
???? t?? f?s?????????, ß????µ???? ?a? ??µ?????? p??e? e??a? ?? d?at??f???? a????e? t??

a??a??? st?? ???a??sµ?, µe ????a ?a?a?t???st??? t?? pe???d?? a?t?? ?a? p??e? ?? ep?pt?se?? – ?a ?ata?a???ete p??ta p?????
??a??? t?? ?µµ???? ??s?? sta ????ts?a, t?? a???s? ?st???? t?? e???p??? ??????? t???. – ?a t??te e?d??µesa s?a?
µ??a? (?a? sta d?? f???a), a??? ?a? t?? a???s? t?? µ?????

µ??a? (?????? sta a????a) ?a? ??p?d??? ?st?? (?????? sta – ?a ?ata?a???ete p???? ?a?a???? ?a? f???ta

????ts?a). – ??e?te ??p??e? ¨???e???te?e?¨

?at? t?? d????e?a t?? pe???d?? a?t?? ? ?????p?? ?e?d??e? ep?????? ??a ?e?µata se est?at???a

t? 50% t?? e??????? s?µat???? ß????? ?a? t? 15 – 25 % t?? e??????? ?????. G?a t??? – ?e????ste ??p???? e?d??? ?s??s?,

pa?ap??? ?????? ?? e?e??e?a??? a????e? µe??st?p?????ta? st?? ?????e? 11-24 et?? ??a µ???? sa? ? µe pa??a

ta ????ts?a ?a? 15-18 et?? ??a ta a????a. ???a? e????t? ?t? ?? ?f?ß?? ????? a???µ??e?

a????e? ??a ??a ta ??ept??? s?stat???, ?? ?p??e? ?a??pt??ta? µe ta ta?t??? ?e?µata 4. ?? ??p??sµa ?a? t? a????? fa??eta? ?t? e?a????????? ?a e??a? d?µ?f??? st???

?a? p??????a st?? ?ata????s? t??f??. ef?ß???. ??t?? ???p?? ap? t?? ???st?? s???pe?e?, ?? ?f?ß?? ?a p??pe? ?a ?????????

?t? ?a? ?? d?? a?t?? s????e?e? ????? sa? ap?t??esµa t?? ?atast??f? ??ept????

s?stat????. ??t??a s?stat??? e??a? p? ?? ß?taµ??e?. ?s?? af??? t? a????? µ???sta,

?a s?µa?t???te?a s?µe?a p?? ?a p??pe? ?a ????????? ?? ?f?ß?? ??a t? d?at??f? ? ????? ?e?µ?d??? t?? p????t?ta µp??e? ?a s?µß???e? st?? a???s? t?? s?µat????

t??? : ??p???. S??ep?? µp??e? ?a ?d???se? se pa??sa???a.

?d?a?te?? p??s??? p??pe? ?a d??eta? st?? p??s???? p??te???? ?p?? ???a?, 5. ??t?? ?µ?? ap? t?? ?e????? a???? s?st?? d?at??f?? ?at? t? d????e?a t?? ef?ße?a?,
p???e????, ????a, t???, ???a ?a? ??a???t?, ?? ?p??e? ap?te???? t? ?ate????? ??ept??? ?a p??pe? ?a a?afe????µe ?a? se d?? a??µa s?µa?t??? ??µata p?? af????? t?
s?stat??? p?? s?µß???e? st?? s???es? t?? µ????? µ??a?. d?at??f? st?? pe???d? a?t? : ? d?at??f? ?a? ? a???t?sµ?? ?a? ?? d?ata?a??? t??
d?at??f???? s?µpe??f????.
1. ???? s?µa?t??? ??t?µa e??a? ?a? ? p??s???? asßest??? ?at? t?? ep??? a?t?,
?????? ap? ta ????ts?a. ???pe? ?a e?????e? st?? ?f?ße? ?t? ?at? t? d????e?a t?? ??at??f? ?a? ????t?sµ?? st??? ef?ß???
ef?ße?a? ????? t? µ??ad??? e??a???a ?a pet????? µ???st? p????t?ta ?st?? ?a?
?a p??f??a????? ap? t? s?ßa?? p??ß??µa t?? ?ste?p???s?? st?? e?????? ???, ???a? ded?µ??? ?t? ? e?as????s? µe t?? ?s??s? ?a? ta a???µata ?a p??pe? ?a
a??? ?a? ?a e?asfa??s??? t?? ?a?? ??e?a ?a? eµf???s? t?? d??t??? ?a? t?? ?????? e??a??????ta? st?? ef?ß??? ?????a. ? ????s? s?µß???e? st?? ?a??te?? p???t?ta
t???. ?a? e??a? p??? ap?? ?a t? pet????? a?t? ?ata?a?????ta? µ???? t?e?? µe??de? ????, e??s??e? t? a??s?p???t??? s?st?µa, p???aµß??e? t?? pa??sa???a, ta
?a?a?t???µ???? p?????t?? (???a, ??a???t?, t???) t?? ?µ??a. ?s?? af??? ta ?t?µa ?a?d?a??e?a?? ??s?µata, ?atap??eµ? t? ????? ?a? t?? ?at?????? st?? e??????
p?? ape??????ta? ? de? µp????? ?a ?ata?a??s??? t? ???a, µp????? p??ta ?a ???. ?p?s??, ep?d?? ?et??? st?? p??s?p???t?ta t?? pa?d???, af?? t?? d?d?s?e?
s?µß???e?t??? t??? e?d????? (d?a?t???????) ??a e?a??a?t???? p???? asßest??? st? t?? a?t?pe??a???a, t? ?µad???t?ta t?? ?eµ?t? a?ta????sµ? ?a? a?t????sµ?, t??
d?at??f? t??? (p? aµ??da?a, t?f?? ?.a.) e??s??e? t? a?s??µa, t?? ?µ???a? ?a? t?? s??e??as?a?. ? pe???d?? t?? ef?ße?a? e??a?
?ate????? pe???d?? e?as????s?? µe t?? p??ta???t?sµ?. ?? a??s???e? t?? e?d????,
2. ? a???µ???? ???µ?? s???es?? µ????? µ??a? -?????? sta a????a- ?a? ? ?µµ???? ?s?? af??? t? d?at??f?, e??a? t? ?e????? ?t? p????? f???? ?? ?f?ß?? a???t?? a?t????
??s? sta ????ts?a, a??????? a?t?µata ?a? t?? a????e? ??a s?d???. G?a t? ???? t?? p????f???e? t??? ap? e????sta a???p?ste? p????. ?p?te ????µe ?? ap?t??esµa
a?t? e??a? s????e? t? fa???µe?? t?? s?d???pe????? a?a?µ?a? st?? ?????e? a?t??. fa???µe?a ?pe??ata????s?? s?µp????µ?t?? d?at??f??. ???te??e?, ß?taµ??e? ?a?
?e? e??a? d?s???? ?a ap?f??ete t?? ?at?stas? a?t? (? ?p??a s???de?eta? µe ??a µ?ta??a µe µ????? ep?ß?aße?? ep?pt?se?? st?? ??e?a ?a? t?? ep?d?se??. ???a? p???
d?a???? a?s??µa ??p?s??, µ? s?µßat? µe t?? a????e? ??a d??s? st?? ?????a a?t?), s?µa?t??? ?? ?ea??? a???t?? p?? p?a?µat??? e?d?af????ta? ??a t?? ??e?a ?a? t??
s?µpe???aµß????ta? st? d?at??f? ta?t??? ???a?, a???, a??? ?a? ???sµ??a ?sp??a, ep?d?se?? t??? ?a s?µß???e???ta? ?ate??e?a? ??p???? d?a?t?????. ?p?p???? ?a p??pe?
?a?a???? ?a? eµp???t?sµ??a d?µ?t??a?? p??????. ???s???, s?stat??? ?p?? t? ?a p??s????? ?a? ?? ?ea??? a???t??e? p?? ep???µ??? ?a d?at????? ?aµ??? s?µat???
asß?st??, ? ?e?d???????, t? µa???s?? , ? ?a????, ? µ??ta, t? ?aµ?µ???, ? ?af?? ?a? ß???? ??a t?? a????e? t?? a???µat?? µe t? ?p??? as??????ta? (p? e????a??, ???µ???,
t? ?a??? a?ast?????? t?? ap????f?s? t?? s?d???? ap? t?? ???a??sµ?. ? ß?taµ??? µpa??t?). ?? ?pe?ß???? st?? pe?????sµ? t?? p?s?t?ta? ?a? t?? p??????a? t?? t??f??
C (?eµ???, p??t????? ?.a.) ?a? t? f?????? ??? (p??s??a f????d? ?a?a????) ?a p?? ?ata?a??????, s???? ??e? sa? ap?t??esµa t? d?a??p? t?? eµµ???????a?. ??t?
µp??e? ?a p???a??se? a???t???? ep?pt?se?? st?? s?µat??? a??pt??? ?a? t?? ??e?a.